Alzheimers
Alan MacDonald, M.D., is a pathologist affiliated with St. Catherine of Siena Medical Center in Smithtown, New York. His current research is concentrated on developing what he refers to as a new biology for Lyme disease, including the use of special DNA probes to detect Borrelia DNA in spinal fluid and in tissue sections from Alzheimer autopsy tissues.
Through his research, and with the help of other leading researchers in the field of molecular and cellular biology, Dr. MacDonald is pioneering a broader understanding about the behavior of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. He has appeared as an invited lecturer at Lyme symposia, including the ILADS National Scientific Meetings and Columbia University/Lyme Disease Association conferences in Philadelphia, PA, where he presents the findings from his explorations into the connection between Borrelia spirochetal infection and Alzheimer’s disease.
For on interview with Dr MacDonald refer to the link below:
http://www.lyme-disease-research-database.com/alan-macdonald-transcription.html
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Emerging Role of Infection in Alzheimer’s Disease & Stroke
http://www.miklossy.ch/452/index.html
Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes, in late syphilis and late Lyme disease can cause cerebral infarct and cognitive decline (dementia) in parenchymatous neurosyphilis and Lyme neuroborreliosis.
The cognitive decline (dementia) is caused by the direct invasion of brain parenchyma by spirochetes (direct parenchymal involvement) years or decades follwoing the primary infection.
Cerebral infarcts in the meningovascular form of neurospirochetoses (Meningovascular form of neurosyphilis and Lyme neuroborreliosis) is not caused by spirochetal invasion of brain tissue. The parenchymal involvement is secondary to the occlusion of the affected meningeal arteries. It may lead to”vascular” dementia.
Consequently, to exclude infection, e.g. Borrelia infection in patients with stroke, particularly in endemic areas of Lyme disease is primordial.
Here we describe the line of research we have followed during the last 15 years with respect to the involvement of spirochetes in Alzheimer’s disease and in cerebral infarcts. This line of research represents series of experiments, listed below, which are linked to each other. The goal was to answer the question, whether several types of spirochetes, including Borrelia burgdorferi, may be involved in Alzheimer disease and in stroke.
1. ALZHEIMER DISEASE
2. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
3. BACTERIA, INCLUDING SPIROCHETES ARE POWERFUL STIMULATORS OF INFLAMMATION AND ARE AMYLOIDOGENIC
4. CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTION CAN CAUSE DEMENTIA
5. SPIROCHETES
6. OUR CONTRIBUTION TO THIS EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH
7. CONCLUSION
8. PUBLICATIONS FROM OUR LABORATORY RELATED TO THE INVOLVEMENT OF SPIROCHETES IN STROKE (CEREBROVASCULAR INFARCT) AND ALZHIEMER’S DISEASE
9. REFERENCES
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Alzheimer’s disease – a neurospirochetosis. Analysis of the evidence following Koch’s and Hill’s criteria
